There are comparison between energy storage batteries and new energy vehicle power batteries, which are mainly reflected in the application fields and core performance aspects:
I. Differences in application scenarios
Energy storage batteries
1. Grid side
(1) Peak and frequency regulation
Balance the volatility of renewable energy (such as photovoltaic and wind power) and improve the stability of the grid (such as the 100-megawatt liquid flow battery project in which CATL participated).
(2) Backup power supply
Provide emergency power for cities or industrial areas (such as promoting safety technology upgrades after the accident of Lingyan Energy Storage Power Station in South Korea).
2. User side
(1) Peak shaving and valley filling
Use the peak-valley electricity price difference to reduce electricity costs (such as Shanghai’s industrial and commercial energy storage project saves more than 30% of electricity bills).
(2) Microgrid
Combined with distributed energy (such as the Yangtze River Delta’s “12-station-in-one” integrated energy station integrating photovoltaic + energy storage).
3. Special scenarios
(1) Communication base station
5G base station backup power supply (such as the 174 base stations in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province, equipped with storage to achieve orderly power consumption).
(2) Ships/rail transportation
Flywheel energy storage systems reduce energy consumption (e.g. Beijing subway pilot project energy saving rate exceeds 15%).
Power batteries for new energy vehicles
1. Passenger cars
(1) Long-range demand
Ternary lithium battery (e.g. Tesla 4680 battery energy density increased by 16%).
(2) Fast charging technology
Supports fast charging above 2C (e.g. CATL’s “Shenxing PLUS” can recharge 400 kilometers in 10 minutes).
2. Commercial vehicles
(1) High safety
Lithium iron phosphate battery (e.g. BYD blade battery passed the needle puncture test).
(2) Heavy-load scenarios
Solid-state battery research and development (Toyota plans to mass-produce models with a range of 1,200 kilometers in 2027).
3. Emerging fields
(1) Electric aviation
High energy density battery (e.g. Ehang’s intelligent eVTOL aircraft equipped with customized power batteries).
(2) Robots/AGV
High power output (e.g. CATL provides dedicated battery modules for industrial robots).
II. Analysis of core differences
1. Performance priority
(1) Energy storage battery
Emphasis on life cycle cost (LCOS) and safety, allowing sacrifice of some energy density to extend life (such as recyclable electrolyte of all-vanadium liquid flow battery, outstanding environmental protection).
(2) Power battery
Pursue energy/power density and low temperature performance, need to adapt to complex working conditions (such as battery preheating technology in extremely cold environment of -30℃).
2. Technology evolution path
(1) Energy storage battery
Develop towards long-term energy storage (8 hours+), explore non-lithium technologies such as liquid flow battery and compressed air energy storage.
(2) Power battery
Focus on solid-state battery and cobalt-free (such as Honeycomb Energy’s cobalt-free battery cost reduction of 20%).
3. Industry chain collaboration
(1) Energy storage battery
Deep coupling with power grid and renewable energy (such as virtual power plant aggregation of distributed energy storage resources).
(2) Power battery
Promote vehicle-grid interaction (V2G) and realize vehicles as mobile energy storage units (such as Weilai battery swap stations participating in power grid peak regulation). By comparing energy storage batteries and power batteries for new energy vehicles, it can be seen that energy storage batteries pay more attention to economy and durability, while power batteries focus on energy density and dynamic performance. The two together drive the new energy industry to develop in an efficient, safe and sustainable direction.
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